Auto-correct "The Big Miss"

I have been swearing at my iPhone for weeks because I keep forgetting to see what ridiculous auto-corrections it is performing when I am texting or composing emails. For some reason I just cannot remember to look and review before I push send. Actually that is not entirely true,I know the reason ..it is because it is so awkward and frustrating to make a correction on the little screen I had rather just not know it was there and just assume it is perfectly composed and send it.

Today, I got to thinking about why such a useful feature is actually a curse and I realized the answer after I spent hours looking over 200 PowerPoint Slides in 3 decks I was creating where each time the program "assisted me" by changing "EHR" to "her".

There needs to be some simple logic driven way to find the function in these programs to let the software know I have not mispelled the damned word 600 times. I actually want to use that word. It is not like spell check where you are offered polite choices by a nice software driven assist. You can add the word to the dictionary, say "no thank you, leave it alone just this once" or say "thank you I am glad you caught that mistake Mr. Microsoft."

Auto-correct is spell check's evil twin. Auto-correct is like a condescending acquaintance who just presumes they know the best way. Yes, that's it .... I think auto-correct is like one of those self-righteous smugs who always think they know the best way to do everything no matter what and never look for input because they think they are just too damned perfect. Note to self: Let's do some market research and see how many senior executives have the middle name "auto-check". I suspect the study "N" will be quite significant (and that is not a term we use lightly in medical writing),

Like annoying people auto-check can be right on occasion but more times than not it is wrong and when it is wrong, it can be painful to all concerned. Like the time at Nabi when the IT Department made one of those system changes that wiped out all of our personal additions to our online dictionary. Care to guess what the autocorrect answer is to the unrecognized word "Nabi". It is "Nazi".

Just imagine my horror when I looked down and saw I was half-way through signing a stack of letters as the "Senior Director of Sales and Marketing for Nazi Biopharmaceuticals." Those letters went straight to shredder (thank God) instead of the mailroom. I had never been able to truly consider auto-correct a trusted tool and that experience sealed its fate for me. I declared it not just useless but evil. At this point I would disable it completely but I am guessing the feature for doing that is located somewhere in another dimension along with the "edit" autocorrect function. It just thinks itself too perfect for any manipulation on my part.

What a useless tool.

Then today I saw someone had an evenmore horrifying auto-correct incident that they posted online. Oh yes, auto-correct is not just annoying, it is down right evil.

I am so relieved to know it isnt just me.

Who needs regulations? We do!

Who needs regulations? We do! A few weeks ago most of us were caught unawares when Secretary of State Clinton and Secretary of Human Services Sebelius issued a statement apologizing for reprehensible medical experiments that the U.S. government conducted in Guatemala in the 1940s. They were apologizing for a Syphilis Study. Why did this sound more than vaguely familiar? It turns out that the same Public Health physician who was so instrumental in conducting the infamous Tuskegee Syphilis experiment also conducted an even more unethical experiment in Guatemala on Guatemalan citizens. The announcement was made and then ….nothing, we heard nothing else.

Lately I keep hearing a lot of noise from people about government regulations being overbearing and they toss about the charge we are becoming a “nanny” nation. Then something pops up like say an oil company that practically pollutes the entire Gulf of Mexico by cutting corners and ignoring regulations or a coal mine that considers them unnecessary. Or we discover everything from our drugs to our pet food have been contaminated by unscrupulous manufacturers. Then we scream, “Where were the regulators?” Face it, we need oversight. Humans always have and always will. Medical research is not an exception to that rule either. The Guatemala revelation is just the latest evidence that shows how important a strong Investigational Review Board (IRB) is to our clinical study process.

First, a quick review of a shameful story most people have at least heard about, the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. Black men living in the area around Tuskegee, Alabama who were diagnosed with Syphilis were identified and observed, but not told they were infected and were not treated for Syphilis for 40 years. This study was conducted from 1932 -1972 on 399 black men, most of whom were uneducated and living in poverty. These men were never told they had Syphilis. Even after Penicillin became the standard of care for treating Syphilis in 1947, this study did not end until it was leaked to the press in 1972. Many of these men passed Syphilis on to their wives and numerous children were born suffering from congenital Syphilis. The men were told they were being treated for “bad blood” and they were compensated with free medical exams, free meals and free burial insurance. This study is credited for being the catalyst that gave rise to the Institutional Review Boards that oversee all clinical trials today.

As heinous and unethical as the Tuskegee Experiment was, it pales in description to the Guatemala experiment. They didn’t just observe infected people, they intentionally infected people who had never had Syphilis with the Treponema bacterium that causes Syphilis in an attempt to induce the disease. This study was conducted for two years (1946 -1948). It was already well known by then that Syphilis could be cured with Penicillin but the purpose of this study was to see if Penicillin could prevent infection if it given immediately after exposure to Syphilis. As was the case in the Tuskegee study there was no informed consent from these teat subjects. The study population differed in that instead of using poor rural black citizens, the Guatemala study used hundreds of prisoners, men living in army barracks and male patients of mental hospitals. I am assuming they also got the free medical exams and meals since they were all institutionalized in some manner. No mention was made of burial insurance but there was one unusual “study perk”. Most participants appear to have been supplied with a syphilitic prostitute for their participation in the experiment. Still, it seems they were not able to induce a sufficiently high enough infection rate through the prostitution arm of the experiment so they resorted to even less conventional methods. Researcher’s notes reveal that the penises, forearms and faces of the men were abraded when “normal” exposure (i.e. inoculation by prostitution) failed. Next, a solution containing syphilitic bacteria was then poured directly onto the abraded surface. The records examined indicate that the infected patients were treated but the records do not indicate if they were cured or if they were even adequately treated.

Regulation and oversight, who needs them? We do!

Presenting a true American Hero - Dr. Frances Kelsey

The FDA – Who needs it? I say we do. Since beginning my career in the commercial side of medicine and laboratory science during the Carter Administration, I have been subject to FDA rules, policies and restrictions. Throughout these years it seems that any given project I am involved in the FDA is often invoked as the “obstacle” to preventing our “corporate success”. I have heard various versions of that accusation from people in almost every corporation that I have talked with throughout my career.

I just want to respectfully remind my colleagues, the FDA is not our enemy, without it our industry as we know it would not even exist. Do corporate goals get hindered on occasion by FDA process? Well of course they do, but in the name of keeping us and our industry safe. This is where Dr. Frances Kelsey enters the picture.

Dr. Kelsey at her home today

A key reason that American produced pharmaceuticals and blood products are considered the safest and most desired around the world is because of the oversight and regulations that are enforced by our FDA. It was grave mistakes as well as some selective actions and inactions by a few pharmaceutical corporations that gave the FDA the authority it needed to protect American consumers. These standards that were imposed on our industry in turn have made it one of the safest in the world today. The goal of the FDA is not to be a corporate roadblock, but it provides a huge safety net that protects citizens and by extension our pharmaceutical industry through monitoring and enforcing critical rules and regulations.

This week Dr. Margaret Hamburg, the FDA Commissioner, presented the first Kelsey Award to Dr. Frances Kelsey. Those of you who have sat through one of my Clinical Trials training classes may remember Frances Kelsey as a person who I hold up as an example of a true American hero (and by the way she immigrated to this country from Canada.)

Fifty years ago Dr. Kelsey was the FDA medical officer tasked with reviewing the application for Kevadon, the morning sickness drug that was to be launched in the U.S. by the William S Merrill Company. The drug was already widely used throughout Europe (and many other parts of the world) and Merrill was quite anxious to launch it in the U.S. so the application to the FDA was accompanied by much corporate and political pressure.

Dr. Kelsey was not impressed with the data submitted with the application and was very suspicious of her interactions with the Merrill officials when she attempted to get additional data. As a result Dr. Kelsey denied the approval of Kevadon which is actually better known today by its generic name, thalidomide. Dr. Kelsey held to her principles and as importantly despite intense pressure from Merrill officials and politicians she was backed by her superiors at the FDA. Thousands of children throughout Europe were born without limbs or with flipper-like arms and legs when their mothers took Kevadon. Because of Dr. Kelsey’s steadfast refusal to bend to the pressure of the Merrill executives and because her superiors at the FDA supported her position, the number of children affected with this severe birth defect in this country was exponentially smaller than throughout the world. Dr. Kelsey is often referred to these days as “The midwife of modern pharmaceutical regulation” because of her many contributions to the design of the clinical trial process and the roles she played in the events that resulted in empowering the FDA for our protection.


Children born with the "flipper syndrome" that was the result of thalidomide exposure.















"Flipper syndrome" victims of thalidomide as adults today

The Kelsey Award is going to be presented annually to an FDA staff member that is selected for outstanding public service. I am very pleased that this distinguished award will be named for Dr. Kelsey and I think it fitting she is to be the first recipient. Her example of courage as a government employee is one that we need to remember and celebrate.

So why do we need an FDA? For the pharmaceutical industry, it saves us from ourselves. If our pharmaceutical industry is to remain they envy of the world in terms of safety and efficacy we need to remember oversight and regulations are important for many reasons. We continue to demonstrate that self-regulation (both on the individual level and the corporate level) fall embarrassingly short of its goals. This phenomenon isn’t limited to the pharmaceutical industry. It is true for individual humans and corporations of all types. We are just not capable of adequate self-regulation. Oversight is required. So let’s face it, the Pharmaceutical industry and the FDA need each other. It is a symbiotic relationship that needs to be respected and encouraged to continue to serve the public as it was intended.

Thank you Dr. Frances Kelsey for setting an example for courage and integrity that can resonate with us all today.

Attached is a link to the New York Times story about Dr. Kelsey. It is a fascinating glimpse into the life, the career and the character of this truly amazing person who has played a key role in all of our lives today.

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/14/health/14kelsey.html




In 1962 President John F Kennedy presented Dr. Kelsey with the Distinguished Civilian Service Medal for her role in preventing thousands of babies from suffering the devastating effects of thalidomide.Whether we are a patient, a provider or a practitioner in the medical field our lives have all been touched in some way by the contributions of Dr. Frances Kelsey and her service to us all should never be forgotten.

Florida's newest arrival: Dengue Fever

Here it is only July and in Florida we have already been given enough to worry our heads about for the entire year. We lead the nation in unemployment and housing foreclosures. The prognosticators started warning us early this year that this will be a record hurricane season (State Farm apparently responded to this prediction by promptly canceling my homeowners policy after 31 years!) and we have been told to prepare for the onslaught of oil from the BP disaster that will reach our beaches and estuaries in one or more of several (all heinous) forms that include such names as mousse, tar balls and tar sticks. I kid you not, watching the evening forecast on the Mobile and Pensacola television stations during the weather segment they now announce which (if any) of these disgusting forms of oil can be expected by beachgoers on the following day. Thanks BP. Bastards!

So with all this on our minds perhaps we can be forgiven if we overlooked that little article reporting on observations by the CDC that was tucked in between the latest misbehaving elected officials and the newest examples of corporate criminal activity or unbelievable greed that fill the news. No wonder most of us overlooked the fact that a dozen cases of Dengue Fever were uncovered in Key West, Florida. But as someone who contracted Dengue while working and traveling in Southeast Asia it caught my attention. I learned quickly during my bout why it is called “Breakbone Fever” in much of the world. The persistent high fevers and excruciating joint pains I experienced made it one of the most unpleasant experiences of my life. So when the CDC announced this week that their epidemiological survey has determined that over 5% of all the Key West residents have antibodies to Dengue Fever I realized, “Florida, we got a problem”.

Even if people have heard of it, very few know how to pronounce it (den’ gee). Now is the time to take a few minutes to sit down and learn a few useful facts. The most important of which is “remain calm”. We all know a huge media spin is about to accompany this revelation so a few facts will help head off irrational fear. The CDC tells us over 5% of the people in Key West (over a thousand) were exposed to or infected by the virus that causes Dengue, yet less than 100 have actually sought medical care. That tells us that the majority of the people have very mild infections. That’s the good news part. Still it is of little comfort if you are one of the ones who experience a really bad case of Dengue and right now the reasons around why who gets which type of illness are pretty hypothetical. The illness can range from very mild to some wicked complications that include Dengue Hemorraghic Fever (DHF) to Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). With names like that, you know they can’t be good.

I was feeling a bit smug in thinking that since I have previously had Dengue I will just be sitting on the sidelines as this epidemic travels through the parts. Then I did a quick review of those CDC fact sheets and learned there are actually four types of Dengue (named 1 -4) and they are so named because there are 4 different viruses that can cause Dengue and if you contract one you still are vulnerable to the other three. I was not pleased to learn I can theoretically experience this disease 4 times. I was even less pleased to learn that when you have it a second time it ups your chances of experiencing DHF or DSS significantly.

It is important to remember that this disease is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. We don’t give it to each other. It has been shown to be transmitted via donor blood and human organ transplantation so the CDC has already begun taking proper measures with the appropriate industries and agencies to safe guard those practices. Let’s remember we cannot contract the disease directly from each other. It requires the mosquito to bite an infected person, incubate the virus and then transmit it to a healthy person in a subsequent bite. The mosquito vector is the key here. And it is not just any species of mosquito.

What we need to do now is make sure we take proper precautions to avoid mosquito bites. The mosquito that carries this disease is a pesky little mosquito that just loves to live around us, our old friend Aedes aegypti. No it couldn’t be one of those annoying but not usually found in our backyard mosquitoes that you only encounter in the Everglades. It is transmitted by ae. aegypti who has developed a fondness for living in the little splashes of water that we provide around our homes when gutters are not properly cleaned, or empty flower pots accumulate around the back beside the air conditioners, etc. But these days with all the abandoned and foreclosed properties, we have an unprecedented supply of incubators in our communities from small puddles in a low area of an unused patio to an abandoned backyard pool. The conditions are ripe for ae. aegypti in our communities like never before.

The link below to the CDC site contains some excellent information on Dengue including transmission, signs and symptoms and most importantly prevention. Oh, by the way, there is no vaccination for the virus and no specific treatment for the disease. Miami Dade health officials are already investigating the first suspected cases there. Since ae. aegypti is a dominant mosquito throughout urbanized areas of southern Florida we will most likely see the virus spread through our counties here in south Florida if we are not vigilant in reducing the mosquito habit in our yards and communities and if we fail to take proper precautions to avoid being bitten. It will be harder for the virus to establish itself in other parts of the U.S. because the ae. aegypti mosquito has all but been wiped out by the Asian Tiger Mosquito that arrived in the 1980s and began to crowd out ae. aegypti everywhere in the U.S. except south Florida. Lucky us.

So even if the BP oil does manage to avoid our south Florida coasts, the prospects of vacationers returning to their homes with a tropical disease aquired on a jaunt to Florida is not going to do anything to help our tourist industry. In the name of good health and a healthy economy it makes sense to educate ourselves on how to keep this disease at bay and contain its spread.

I encourage you to take a quick read of the CDC fact sheets so that you arm yourself with accurate information so that you can increase your chances of avoiding this unpleasant and possibly serious illness.

http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/

A More Graphic Argument for Global Warming Concerns

Global warming. Nothing chills a room full of people quicker than when that topic comes up for discussion. The debate rages on. I have noticed a new tactic among many of the “deniers”. They have embraced a term that has entered the lexicon of late and made it their own. That term is “junk Science” and it tends to roll of their tongues just a little too easily and with ever increasing frequency. It is my observation that most people who use the term just don’t understand or like science. Since they have no use for it that they can see, they call it junk.

Many good people have tried many an effective means of trying to instill a knowledge or an appreciation of science where none exists. One of my favorite tools in this effort is the visual aid. One such as the following that starkly contrasts the past with the present.

You would think an image showing the early explorers arriving at the North Pole on foot with supplies pulled by dog teams displayed along side a present day picture of the North Pole would have some sort of impact. In 1909 it required a trek with a dog team to reach the North Pole and in 2009 you could send your parents there on a freestyle cruise ship. Something changed but this does not seem to cause worry amongst those so quick to dismiss the concept of global warming.

But I think I have just found something that might at least give them a moment’s pause. Scientists have shown us for years evidence of species relocating into new areas that were previously inhospitable to them because of the temperature or other climate restrictions. As the atmosphere warms, their ranges expand. We now have West Nile Virus endemic through the U.S. and it was never even reported there before 1990. We have seen Dengue Fever return to the U.S. for the first time in nearly a century. But this weekend I learned of a new pest that many people feel is moving closer to us. This one my denier friends you are going to want to hear about. You might even want to re-think your whole opposition to funding the Global Warming impact studies. I give you The Human Bot Fly.

Until this past weekend I had never heard of this insect. Trust me it will now be a long time before I forget it. This past weekend Juan Carlos asked me what I knew about Human Bot Fly infection. My response was, “Huh?”. One of his classmates had just posted on her Facebook page that she had recently returned from a vacation in the Yucatan and had contracted a Human Bot Fly infection that had just resulted in her having a larvae extracted from the back of her head. Once I gotten over the amazing revelation that there really are no boundaries as to what a person will post about themselves on a Facebook page we immediately went to Google for information and oh boy what we learned!

This fly is rather large and very distinctive looking in its appearance so problem solved, just avoid it. The more I read, the more I realized this is a nasty little creature. The female knows she must get her eggs into a host species if they are to survive. There are many different types of Bot flies. Some infect rodents, others cattle and there is a reason this particular one is called the Human Bot Fly. Yes, her eggs are destined for us. Because Bot flies realize they have no chance of installing their eggs into the unwilling host themselves, they have learned how to get others to do it for them. The female employs a process known as phoresis. Immediately after copulating she traps a mosquito or some other small blood feeding fly and she glues 50 or so eggs to their abdomen before she releases the captive. The relieved kidnap victim flies off and finds the appropriate host and when it begins to feed on the host the temperature sensitive eggs begin to hatch. The larvae then enter the host through the insect bite or even along a hair follicle. Some can even just burrow into the skin and they remain inside the host growing and developing until they are mature.

Once they have spent 5 to 10 weeks maturing they then work to the surface and drop to the ground where they molt and develop into an adult fly and repeat the process.

In Brazil the species that infects cattle has been responsible for millions of dollars damage to their milk and leather industries. The problem has been widespread for many years in South America but the Bot flies are now moving farther north. As temperatures increase so does their range. The orange area on the map shows their range as of 2002. Now they have been reported in Belize and Yucatan Mexico. Not just the cattle and rodent Bot flies but also the Human Bot fly.

I finally came to accept the Africanized (so called Killer Bees) bees got here and took over our hives and ruined our honey production in this country. I have made détente with the dreaded iguanas here in Florida but I am not ready to have alien possession of my subcutaneous tissues become a way of life. Check out the video below of the guy getting the larvae removed from his elbow following his Belize vacation.

Okay my Global Warming denying friends, don’t say we didn’t ask you to pay attention

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knQGq5V_cUs

Hallelujah its raining iguanas !!!‏

First my apologies to the Weather Girls whose disco and dance hit “It’s raining men” I just parodied, but that revered anthem just seemed to fit so well for those of us down here in South Florida. Here we were this past week trying desperately to heat our homes against freezing weather that they are not designed to face and being forced to play favorites and choose which of our tropical plants we could save after years of careful cultivation. We were being warned of icy doom by our weather forecasters who were delirious at being able to announce climatic disaster since they were all but deprived of a hurricane season this past year. The great freeze of a century had descended upon us and suddenly we are being warned “beware of falling iguanas” Huh? Falling what?

For my friends who do not live in South Florida let me tell you, we have a problem here. Nearly every plant, animal and annoying person on the planet strives to relocate itself to South Florida. We are in a constant state trying to rid ourselves of annoying exotic plants that choke out our native plants, annoying people who think they are exotic but actually are just whiners who complain incessantly about Florida while they are in Florida and then there is the iguana. We all usually overlook or excuse all but the meanest of the offending people and defend most plants but in general most of us unite in our mutual dislike of the iguana. It is our way.

How does a small green lizard become such a polarizing figure? First, they don’t stay small or green for long here in Florida where they have few competitors as they do in their native habitats. They begin to look less like a lizard and more like a dinosaur as they grow. Here a large number of them grow to as much as 6 feet in length. They range in color from green to brown to orange. They have large sharp claws for climbing and eating our plants and fruits and these claws work well at scratching if we try to capture them. They have sharp teeth that have been known to remove finger tips and leave stitch requiring bites as well. They have dug and burrowed and undermined our roads.

They are notorious for eating the blossoms of our orchids and hibiscus plants but as far as we can tell no plant is spared. My friend Rob in Fort Lauderdale was out on his hands and knees planting a border of impatiens in his yard when he looked back and saw an iguana was following him eating all the blossoms from his plants as fast as he was putting them in the ground. They eat any and all manner of fruit from berries to figs to bananas. They spare nothing.

As much as they eat, it is no comparison to the quantity they seem to poop. They are especially fond of pooping near water. As many of us have learned “near water” is defined as on our pool furniture, patios and decks and boats and boat docks. They poop everywhere and anywhere that they think will annoy us.

So when the weather man who usually screams for days in advance that a hurricane is eying us suddenly announces with the same glee “the iguanas are falling”, he has my attention. I needed to know more.

In their native countries they apparently have no need to exercise their ability to hibernate like our native reptiles do here, so they do so rather haphazardly. It never occurred to me that hibernation was a learned process. So like Cinderella at the strike of 12 on ball night, picture this. As soon as an iguana’s body temp hits 40 degrees, it just shuts down. Boom! It just goes to sleep wherever it is. At any given time the majority of them are apparently in a tree top and suddenly their claws just let go when their body hits the 40 degree mark and they faint and they fall. Thus we have “iguana drops”. Reports of iguanas going thud were all around us last week. They fell to the grass, they fell onto pool enclosures, they fell and dented automobiles and at least one reportedly hit a pedestrian. We had more reports of iguanas down than we did confirmed snow and sleet sightings in South Florida.

So I had to investigate further about this phenomenon. Hibernation as we learned in school is reversible, but they didn’t always teach us there is a caveat. In the case of these iguanas, if they stay frozen for three days or longer their chances of revival are dramatically decreased. This is good news. We all hate them but we all differ in how we “exclude” them. We all want to “repel” them which is a polite way of saying, “let’s just transfer the turd drop from my house to yours”. Not a good neighbor inducing solution. But when it comes down to it most of us just cannot actively participate in the actual killing of these nuisances. We want them dead, especially after finding a large deposit of poop on one of our Smith & Hawken poolside cushions, but still we had rather outsource the actual kill. Most of us will agree to allow them to be “culled” humanely. Humane as we have learned is very slippery to define. Even the most hardcore iguana haters among us felt bad when we saw the picture of a dead iguana with a cross-bow arrow protruding from it. But the approved humane way to kill them is to cut their heads off with one swift strike of a shovel. Oh yeah, that is a whole lot better than a cross-bow, right?

Still, I imagine by the time one has wrestled an iguana who is whipping you with his tail, snapping with his teeth while he claws you with all his might as you put him into the position for one swift shovel thrust is going to win at least half of those shovel execution attempts. Perhaps the shovel game makes the whole process more sporting but I find the prolonged freeze possibility a more palatable solution. If we are going to lose our hard worked gardens to the freeze some good just has to come from the event. Let it be the iguana culling by natural cryogenics.

Still it is inevitable, a number of us manage to screw this up. In Deerfield Beach a man supposedly began collecting the frozen iguanas from the ground in a large plastic hefty lawn bag which he threw into the back of his station wagon when it was full and as the story was reported he planned to take and dispose of them humanely. Unless someone can tell me where a drive up shovel execution squad is located in South Florida I will assume he was headed to an even more humane solution but the article did not elaborate. Still, he screwed up.

What happened next is why it is important to pay attention in science class. The bagged iguanas began to revive inside the lawn bag in the back of the station wagon and they were not happy. They began to claw their way through the plastic bag and startled the driver when one of the beasts climbed onto him as he was driving. Fortunately there was no accident. Apparently no one in South Florida is cursed enough to warrant being hit by a vehicle filled with unwanted reptiles. I don’t want to be called on to defend that assumption too strenuously. Not after the many stories we have heard about some of our citizens (especially politicians). I’m surprised it doesn’t rain toads down here yet.

Not only do we have these brainiacs trying to take iguana disposal into their hands, we had one guy in Pompano Beach who was so moved by the plight of the fallen frozen freaks of nature he actually cranked his truck up and began to thrown them into it to revive them in order to release them again into his neighborhood because he took pity on them. How special.

To all my friends who are dealing with the iguana poop I have an idea. If we can find where this guy lives I think I know a way we can rid him of his misplaced pity and his misguided need to be an iguana Samaritan. Start saving those poops and wait for instruction.

Meanwhile, I say we investigate doing to iguanas what the Texans used to do for unwanted rattlesnakes in Texas. Find a sponsor for an “Iguana Rodeo” and start promoting an “Iguana Cook-off”. I am betting there are some recipes out there we could use. Lets plan this quick before the population begins to re-build after this once in a century freeze opportunity.

Any questions or comments about my blog, send me an email at L.Lynam@theLynamGroup.com or visit my website at www.thelynamgroup.com. The Lynam Group - where Comprehensive Biotech Consulting Services Begin.